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Good afternoon, and welcome to the Netflix Q3 2026 earnings interview. I'm Spencer Wang, VP of Finance and Capital Markets. Joining me today are co-CEOs Ted Sarandos and Greg Peters, and CFO Spence Neumann. As a reminder, we will be taking forward-looking statements and actual results may vary. We will now take questions submitted by the analyst community. Our first question comes from David Joyce of Seaport Research Partners. His question is: investors are looking for more clarity in what has typically been Netflix's industry-leading strategy. What role do live events, or becoming a centralized streaming portal, or offering short-form video, third party or user-generated content play in how you see Netflix regaining a competitive edge that can help sentiment?

I will take that and thank you, David, for the question. It gives us an opportunity to clarify, obviously. Our strategy is unchanged and it has always been and it continues to be, to combine best-in-class entertainment with industry-leading discovery, global distribution, and the best possible monetization. We want to be the must-have entertainment service, the first one members check for a great series or a great film, and the last service they would ever cancel. The anchor of that strategy are the Netflix originals. Differentiated, exclusive, ambitious, professionally produced series and films and live events. We have oriented the market to expect something great and new to watch every week, so we have to deliver on quality and quantity always.

As for the live events, in a world of so much choice, we have titles like KPop Demon Hunters and Wednesday and Bridgerton, and with all those things to choose from, live events like the Canelo-Crawford fight or the event-type sports that we do with the NFL and the MLB, these events break through. They stand out, they drive new membership, they add fuel to our ad revenues, they please our existing members, and they just generally enhance the value of Netflix. We take all of that strategy, we pair that exclusive programming with a broad offering of third-party programming, including second-run titles, deals we just did with Sony, Disney, Universal, and others.

In addition to that, we look to new ways to bring third-party content onto the service as well to complement those originals, like we just did with TF1 in France, where you are ingesting a full network of programming. All that said, it is really important to remember, roughly 95% of our spend and nearly all of our revenue is focused on that core, where we see a long runway for future growth. Other areas that you mentioned, these are early-stage initiatives meant to explore future programming expansions, and we keep our focus and our investment in those areas very tight because the core is the critical growth engine.

Great. Thank you, Ted. Our next question comes from Eric Sheridan of Goldman Sachs. How would you characterize recent engagement trends in the U.S. relative to other geographies? How would you frame any variables such as content, seasonality, competition, that might be driving any such divergences in engagement by region?

I will pick up this one, and start with just overall engagement, which we think of as the sum total of actual value that we are delivering to members. This is quality, quantity, and variety of viewing. That remains healthy, and it drives our business model. The best evidence that we have that we are delivering that value is churn. We have healthy retention in every region. Q3 churn, both globally and in the United States, improved year-on-year. It is better than forecast. It is already industry leading. The ultimate determinant of are we delivering that value is the reaction to price changes. Those recent price changes that we did, including in the United States, have gone well. We have seen results that are consistent with past changes and our expectations. Consistent with all that performance, we do plan on delivering our full year guidance.

Now, you talked about specific engagement trends by geography, and as you saw from the letter, we had great results in APAC, LATAM, and EMEA. Our local titles from those regions are driving engagement and they are driving business growth. You can see how our business model works here. We specifically highlighted India, which had a strong slate with a couple titles really, really performing. As a result, view hours in Q3 in India grew 24% on an absolute basis. They were also up on a per member basis, all of which drives membership. It drove membership and nearly 20% year-over-year revenue growth. That is a great example of how the core model works. We deliver on member value, and we get the business outcomes that we are looking for.

Turning to the U.S., the other region, our engagement is solid, and it will allow us to continue to grow as we have for the last several years. We know that we can do better, and that better is our upside. It is our goal to go from very good to great on the performance of that slate. I just want to note that we are quite excited about what we have coming. Coming from the U.S. in Q4, on series side, we are already off to a great start with limited series East of Eden. My whole social group is talking about that. We have Season 4 of The Diplomat, the best season yet of this show.

100%.

Later this quarter, we've got The Body, we've got The Murder of JonBenét Ramsey, we've got the final season of Emily in Paris. On the film side, we've got The Further Misadventures of Cliff Booth with Brad Pitt, directed by David Fincher, written by Quentin Tarantino. You can't ask for a more star-studded lineup than that. We've got Bad Day with Cameron Diaz, and then we've got Steps, which is our new animated film featuring Ali Wong, Stephanie Hsu, and Amanda Seyfried. In addition to all that, we've got our Christmas Day NFL games, and we'll now have the first Thanksgiving Eve game, which we are going to spice up with U2 as the halftime show. U2 is just legendary, one of my favorites.

Moving to 2027, our slate includes Narnia, we've got Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Here Comes the Flood, Runups 3, fifth season of Bridgerton, third season of Wednesday, Michael Fassbender starring in a new series about the Kennedys, God of the Woods, Rabbit, just to name a few. We're going to have NFL games, one NFL game in the final week of the regular season. This is the first time we're doing that. Of course, the Women's World Cup in the U.S. and Canada. So there is just a lot to look forward to.

Thanks, Greg. That was an impressive overview of the slate in Q4.

Yes.

2027. I think you made.

Reminded me of someone.

Dan.

Reminded me of someone.

Fair thing. But maybe to build on that, we do have a set of questions building off the theme of engagement to some of the executive changes. This next question comes from Rob Sanderson of Loop Capital. As Netflix is a massive and global content production operation, in what ways can a fresh perspective at the top influence the organization? What elements of success from his tenure at Disney are you most optimistic that Peter Rice can replicate at Netflix? Are there particular aspects you think the content org can perform better under new leadership?

Well, Rob, that's a great question, and first, let me start by taking this opportunity to thank Bela Bajaria for all of her incredible contributions to Netflix. Bela had an incredible decade-long run here. She put a lot of great hits on the board. She led the teams through a lot of expansions of new types of content. She also did the hard work of building this incredible international team who's been making local for local content around the world, which has become a great competitive differentiator for us over the last decade. I just want to take that moment to thank Bela. I'd also, calling back to that great list you just heard from Greg, there is a lot to be excited about, but I know that we could do better, and we want to build on that momentum.

Now, we've seen an opportunity to take our slate to the next level, especially in the U.S., where we can have an outsized impact when we create a big buzzy show that members love and talk about all over the world. Now, I'm incredibly thrilled to have Peter Rice joining as our new Chief Content Officer. Let me give you some history is I've known Peter for about 15 years, and I've got to tell you, the outpouring of excitement about him coming to Netflix from across the industry and from the creative community has been nothing short of overwhelming. He's one of the really rare people in the industry who's led TV networks, movie studios, streaming services. His creative instinct and his business acumen are remarkable.

He's really an at-scale, quality and volume operator, and he does it across every imaginable form of entertainment: network, prestige cable, streaming, theatrical and TV films, and live sports. Most importantly, Rob, Peter Rice understands talent relations, and in a competitive market, creative talent have choices of where they want to work, and we want Netflix to always be the place that they love to do the best work of their life. Peter is the exact right person to lead those efforts in the U.S. and around the world. Now, that's a key aspect of what I believe Peter can improve on looking forward.

Thanks, Ted. We have a follow-up question that's on the same topic. This comes from Matt Condon of Citizens Bank. With Peter Rice stepping in as Chief Content Officer, what do you see as the biggest opportunities to evolve Netflix's content strategy under his leadership? Should we anticipate any meaningful changes in the types of content you prioritize, how you allocate content spending, or your overall approach to driving engagement? Or is this more about improving execution within the existing strategy?

Yeah, thanks, Matthew. Our business and our business flywheel are working. There's no need for a fundamental shift in the strategy. We do need better execution in the U.S. Our content around the world is largely working, as you heard a couple examples there from Greg. But we see titles across Latin America, EMEA, APAC, driving engagement, subscriber growth, revenue, and profit. The U.S. is also working. It's just not growing as fast as it could or as fast as we'd like. We had some really solid doubles and triples this year. But the other territories count on some of those titles being home runs so that they'll travel around the world. We really have got to, we're focusing on that execution. When we talk about success in APAC, India's a great example, but that success is also happening in Korea and Japan.

When you look to EMEA, we look to the Nordics, which is a very mature market for us, and that content slate is killing it there. It's proof that when we have the right focus, make the right choices, and deliver creatively, we can drive outsize impact on the business around the world. Peter brings expertise in both art and commerce, television and film. It's kind of that exact balance skill set that will help guide us through our next chapter. There's a ton to be excited about in our Q4 slate and a ton to be excited about in 2027. I believe that Peter will actually be able to have an impact on those projects that are in the works, even in the short term. We're very excited to have him join.

Thanks, Ted. The next question comes from Dan Kurnos of StoneX. The question is: I wanted to touch on your recent headcount reductions, which is the largest since 2022. I recognize that you may not want to get into specifics, but how should we think about the thinking behind it?

I can provide some color here. You go back to we've got a big and ambitious mission. We aspire to entertain literally the whole world. Fulfilling on that big mission requires us to be incredibly disciplined about where we focus, where we invest, how our people work, where our resources go. When you've driven considerable top-line growth as we have over the last several years, and you're in a highly dynamic market that's constantly changing, I don't think it's unusual then to find that there are some areas that we built quickly and we ended up over-invested in, or there are opportunities to adjust how we are operating to best drive the business through the next stage of growth. We prefer to make these adjustments organically and iteratively. That's the best way to do it.

We think it's our mission basically to constantly be trying to tune and adjust. Sometimes the team needs a forcing function. The company needs a mandate that requires the whole organization to ask hard questions about where can we be more efficient, where can we make tough decisions about where we can trim or redirect how we're investing. We do not take these decisions lightly, but we also believe we have a responsibility to make hard trade-offs in service of our members, our partners, our employees, our investors, and ultimately our long-term growth. That was the simple thinking behind it and what motivated these recent changes.

Thanks, Greg. Building off of that, our next question comes from Doug Anmuth of J.P. Morgan. Can Netflix increase revenue growth at a double-digit pace in 2027? What are the key levers to get there, and is it sustainable?

Spencer, I'll take this one. Got to contribute a little bit to this call. Doug, I appreciate the question. We're delivering strong growth in 2026 to start with, and that's because all three revenue levers that we have, they're working and they're contributing. That's member growth, pricing, and ads. We expect to deliver strong revenue growth into 2027 as well with those same three levers. We know there's questions about view hour growth. We've spoken about that. Greg and Ted talked about it just now. To be clear, we want to grow view hours faster. We're not satisfied. We're working on it. But again, as both Greg and Ted articulated, that would be an accelerant to what is already underlying healthy revenue growth.

We saw that in India, we just talked about that, strong slate, big bump in view hour growth, nearly 20% revenue growth, and that's just one of those multiple success stories across regions that Ted also mentioned. But even with the modest view hour growth that we're delivering, we're delivering that increasing value to our members across quality, quantity, and variety of viewing with a steady drumbeat of big hits in most regions. That's really the great thing about our model. It's that stability of our growth engine. We're not overly dependent on any one title, nor outsized performance by any one region to deliver healthy growth. So, it's premature to issue full year 2027 guidance. We'll do that on our next call or our Q4 call. But our financial objectives are unchanged.

We look to sustain double-digit revenue growth, we look to expand margins, and we look to increase free cash flow.

Thanks, Spence. The next question probably falls in your court as well. This one comes from Michael Morris of Guggenheim. The fourth quarter guidance includes about 120 basis points of cost tied to the headcount reductions. What annual run rate savings do you expect, and how much of that should we assume is reinvested versus supporting operating margin expansion in 2027?

Well, I made this point again, in terms of specific guidance. We are not going to specifically quantify the expense impact in 2027, but as we did note in our letter, that hard work that Greg walked through, that prioritization ensures that we can continue to invest aggressively into the highest impact areas to improve our service, drive innovation, drive growth. We are really focused on finishing this year strong. We will provide 2027 guidance in January, including that margin guidance. But there is no change to our philosophy of obviously investing in our business to drive that growth and innovation and also steadily growing margin each year.

Thanks, Spence. We have two questions that are somewhat related, so I will bunch them together. The first version comes from Vikram Kesavabhotla of Baird. How has the integration with TF1 in France performed in its first few months? How has this experience impacted your perspective on distributing other services through Netflix, and what are the guidelines you are using to evaluate these types of partnerships going forward? The related question comes from Matthew Condon of Citizens Bank. As you think about the evolution of the Netflix offering, what is your appetite for third-party content partnerships or add-on services that could be integrated into the Netflix experience? Do you see an opportunity to broaden the value of the platform through aggregation without necessarily owning or directly licensing all that content?

Yeah, maybe to start with the answer to this one, just stepping back with a little context because I know these seem like new and novel techniques for us, or approaches, but they actually serve a goal that's been with us for as long going way back to when we started the streaming service. That's been consistently expand the entertainment offering, provide more value to members. Our members consistently tell us that they want more from us. We see that in the preferences of how they use the service. So delivering on that desire over many, many years has been a goal, and I'd say it's been the primary driver of our industry-leading subscriber reach and retention. So we are totally focused on that. We are always seeking new ways to expand our offering, new ways to provide more professionally produced film, TV, live events, more core entertainment value.

That means we do things like licensing. It also means we look for new creative partnerships like we did with TF1. Maybe one second on why partners are interested in working with us. We have broad distribution reach. We've got a top-of-class product experience, which is a good home for all the work that they do and the content that they create. We've got industry-leading monetization, and all of that makes us a great partner for studios, for networks, for creative talent. We can find new audiences, we can drive incremental revenue for them. That's why they want to partner with us. So specifically to your question on TF1, we are very pleased with the early performance that we've seen in that integration. We have been able to enhance an already very compelling service for our French members with even more local popular French programming.

We've seamlessly integrated the TF1 product experience in a way where it supports their brand, but it also keeps things distinct. We think this approach is advantageous for both them, supports their value proposition, and us. It's good for the customer too, because it signals what they're getting. We are growing the TF1 viewing on our service every month. So we're constantly improving that product experience. We see a whole runway and line of improvement that we know we'll be able to fulfill from our previous history about being able to improve these things. Additionally, the early analysis and testing that we've done indicates that the TF1 engagement is incremental to our platform. So essentially, all things are working about that partnership.

As for what to expect going forward, we certainly believe we can replicate similar positive results with other partners where this approach meets the needs of the partner as well. Those are opportunities that we're going to sequence. We'll prioritize with all the other growth opportunities we have. We have a lot going on that we're going after. For the second question, add-on services, by which I believe that Matthew Condon was asking about, which I think are other subscription or hybrid ads subscription services that the customer could choose to add to their offering. Those would be yet another way to expand our entertainment offering. We think that the same core benefits to the partner, incremental reach, incremental monetization, would apply in that model as well.

We also think that there's much about the product experience that we built that would work for that kind of service integration as well. There's nothing to announce today, but you should expect that we are going to continue to find new ways to bring more core entertainment value to our members.

Thanks, Greg. I'll follow up next with a couple questions on content from Sean Diffley of Morgan Stanley. Please discuss how you are approaching theatrical going forward. Believe you have released 30 movies in the box office. Excited for Cliff Booth with IMAX and Narnia next year. Do you see the potential to build more buzz by going to theaters first, or is it very much a project-by-project decision? What is the right amount of time with respect to the theatrical window?

That's a great question. Great set of questions, I should say. But reminder, we are a streaming-first business. That is our core. But we consider every time we have a new film, the film itself, the audience for the film, and the filmmaker when we're trying to come up with the release plan. Yes, we're going to release about 30 films theatrically this year, pretty much what we did last year. Each one of these have their own kind of bespoke release pattern. So we start off by looking at the projects we have, asking ourself, how do we best serve movie lovers, many of whom are our members, who want to see that movie in a theater? How do we do it without actually harming the view value to Netflix? So part of that is looking at specialty theatrical releasing.

We've done that for the better part of a decade. At the other end of the spectrum are the big family movies that get a ton of rewatching as well as first-time streaming on Netflix. We look at these two categories of film and treat them totally differently. So for specialty releases, we're doing a 47-day window platform theatrical release for "La Bola Negra" right now. It's this fantastic Spanish language film. Then we also upcoming have a theatrical release for "The Mosquito Bowl," a bit shorter. We're partnering with IMAX to release the David Fincher film, "The Further Misadventures of Cliff Booth," worth repeating over and over again because it's so exciting for us, too. In that one, we've done a deal with IMAX to put them on the biggest screens for a couple of weeks, four weeks before the Netflix release.

Now, for those big family movies I talked about, we've already announced we have a 45-day window and a wide theatrical release for Greta Gerwig's new movie, "Narnia: The Magician's Nephew," and for our animated feature, "Charlie versus the Chocolate Factory." Both films have big global IP and big global fandom. We're very excited about how that will play out next year. Our theatrical strategy has evolved. It's evolved to include a traditional 45-day window for a handful of films. The other one that's been important to folks is that we are also now reporting box office grosses for those releases when we do it. That's new, and it looks like we picked a good title to start with "La Bola Negra." We reported our first box office reporting this week for its opening weekend.

It opened with more than $69,000 per screen average, which is the second highest per screen average ever for a non-English language film in the U.S., second only to "Parasite," a film that went on to win the Oscar for Best Picture. We're really excited about where we sit. Now, of course, we have one week of public reporting of box office under our belt, and we're real happy about it, so let's check in again in about six months.

Thanks, Ted. Sean also has a follow-up question. "How would you describe the third-party licensing market? It seems the Disney deal for 'Ice Age' and other content is a win-win, and this follows renewing 'The Walking Dead' and getting 'Power.' How should we think about the mix of self-produced versus licensed content on a go-forward basis?

Yeah, well, remember, original exclusive titles have always been the anchor of the service. We saw that value more than a decade ago when we got into the original production business. It's why we continue to expand our original content investment across all different kinds of genres and all geographies. But we're very happy to license second-run titles that complement our original exclusive offering. It's our broad distribution, our best-in-class technology. This makes us ideal partners for studios and networks and creative talent. As a result of those things, we continue to have strong access around the world to content. I want to tell you about a couple. Those are great examples on "The Walking Dead." That's an evergreen franchise with lots of episodes, and people love it. "Power" is a great show that was just under-distributed.

On Netflix, it will introduce a whole new wave of viewers to the Power universe, so that's really exciting. I really want to focus on two recent deals that we're very excited about. You mentioned the Disney deal we just launched in October. That deal brought all of the Ice Age films to Netflix, along with a bunch of other Disney films and/or Disney series and some upcoming films. To your point, it is a win-win deal. The reason it's a win-win deal is that we benefit by expanding the entertainment offering, for sure. Disney benefits from the revenue and from putting that content in front of our large global member base. Our members benefit, of course, because they get the addition of Disney content, and we already are seeing some of those benefits from the Ice Age movies.

All five of them hit our top 10. That's really exciting. This benefits Disney because as they gear up to release their next Ice Age movie in the theaters in February, it's called Ice Age: Boiling Point, more people will be recent fans of the Ice Age franchise. By the way, yes, Netflix just plugged a Disney movie on our earnings call. You're welcome, Josh. Another deal to talk about is actually in Brazil. Last week, we and Globo announced our largest content license agreement between the two of us ever. This is the most meaningful licensing deal we've ever done in Brazil. We're excited to work with Globo. They are the leading series and film producer and distributor in that country. They have also been a long holdout licensing content to us locally.

We have, in the past, put a lot of Globo content on Netflix around Latin America and around the world, but just not in Brazil. So we're excited to be this new stage of our business. We believe it's going to benefit both of us and our members in Brazil. It includes local titles from across all different genres. The Oscar-winning movie, I'm Still Here, is in there. The International Emmy-winning telenovela, India – A Love Story. This deal spans a healthy mix of local, regional, and global rights. So we're very excited about that, and this step forward with Globo in Brazil is a very exciting time in our existence together. The access to licensed content and which titles are available, this will always have some ebb and flow to it.

We expect to have opportunities throughout for the best series and the best films with all the suppliers. It's a little complicated because all of our suppliers are also our competitors. Our deals bring in much needed revenue. They certainly build awareness, and the benefit of that awareness transfers back to them because it helps grow the value of their IP. So these deals really are win-win. As we sit here today, we're not really dependent on any single supplier, but we are thrilled to be in business with just about every supplier in the world.

Thank you, Ted. I will now move us on to the topic of advertising. We have several questions on advertising, given the slight change in the outlook for this year. We will go with the question from Vikram Kesavabhotla of Baird. He asks, "How is the advertising business progressing relative to your expectations this year? What are you observing with respect to the demand for your inventory and the breadth of advertisers on the platform? How are your recent technology investments influencing performance at this stage?

Our ads business has delivered really impressive growth since we launched, and we do see a long road of continued growth ahead of us. Since that launch point, we have been committed to building an innovative advertising platform, a differentiated offering for our clients, bringing the best of digital advertising to the best of TV advertising, all while respecting our member privacy and ensuring that we also retain our first-party data advantage. Our integration models, our partner integration models, preserve that advantage while getting to the best targeting that we can. We set big growth targets for our ads business this year. We established an aggressive product roadmap that was consistent with that strategy. Just note, I think that the build-out that we have been on is the fastest build-out of a comparable ad tech stack in our industry.

But we are currently a bit behind our aggressive target for the year. We are still growing, just to set the context or put this in perspective. We are still growing our ads business over 80% this year. So excited about the rate that we are going on. I think noting that if you are sufficiently aggressive with your roadmap, you are going to occasionally be behind some milestones. Specifically, in this case,

We have seen some delays in the rollout and partner integrations for some of those new ads products. Getting to the integration model that we want sometimes takes a bit more work with our partners, but we strongly believe that a modest short-term hit for a better long-term strategic position is a good ultimate trade-off. We also do not see this impacting our long-term gains. In fact, pushing for this barely achievable deliverables model tends to maximize our overall velocity. It is a strategy that we have used to good effect historically many, many times. We see the benefits when we continue to roll out other products like new ad formats, which help with our growth. Stepping back just to take a look, our priorities for this ad business are unchanged. We want to advance our full-funnel optimization solutions. We want to deliver new ad formats, new ad products.

We want to increase the availability of our first-party measurement and reporting. To the question specifically, general demand remains strong, breadth of advertisers continues to expand, and ultimately, advertisers want our new products and features, and that's a big mechanism of growth for us. We are very focused on getting those out to them as quickly as we possibly can.

Thanks, Greg. Another question on the advertising business. This is from Robert Fishman of MoffettNathanson. Ahead of launching ad tiers in 15 new countries next year, any update on the gap in average revenue per membership between the ad tier and the standard non-ad tier in the U.S. and other existing international markets?

Yeah. Super excited to do our first expansion of ads countries since we launched. To answer the question, just start by noting that we manage the ads business for total revenue and growth. We look at ARM and fill rates as a means to an end, not an end goal in and of itself. That said, there's still a gap between the combined ad tier ARM and then ARM for standard without ads, but that gap is narrowing, and that gap means under-realized revenue growth for us in the near term. It's an opportunity. We can improve our ads capabilities. We can close that gap over time. We've seen exactly that process happen over this last year. We've expanded demand sources. We continue to execute quickly on our own ad tech stack. We're adding more features, more ads products, more measurement.

We're making it easier for folks to transact with us. All of those things drive demand. They drive competitiveness. Those yields increased fill rates. Those push ad ARM higher. Of course, while we are doing that, we're also signing up more ads plan members. That drives inventory up. That creates more room for us to grow into. This dual growth phenomena where we're growing inventory and growing into our monetization on that inventory, I expect that that's going to persist for some time, likely with gradual closing of that ARM gap as we've seen because we're going to drive improved ad tech product, go-to-market capabilities, all which drive better unit performance and monetization for the next several years.

Thanks, Greg. We'll take one last question. This one is from Sean Diffley of Morgan Stanley. What have you learned about churn and engagement following the most recent round of price increases compared with prior pricing cycles? As penetration increases in more mature markets, where do you see the largest remaining sources of membership and revenue growth? Is it pricing, advertising, or international penetration?

Okay, so on the first part of Sean's question, the price changes in 2026 have gone well. Across all market types where we've done price changes, the member response, you mentioned churn engagement usually isn't really impacted by these things. But that member response is consistent with prior price changes and our expectations. Again, we think that this is a strong indicator of the value that we're delivering to members as measured by the quality, the quantity, the variety of viewing that is healthy. Maybe just one also, an external reference point for that value, take the U.S. as an example. Netflix subscribers are paying the least per hour of viewing compared to other SVOD offerings in the country. In some cases, they would have to pay more than double per hour for a competitive service.

We think that that's a really good marker of how much value we are delivering per price. Also note that we saw continued healthy retention in every region, churn globally in the U.S. improved year-over-year, so better than forecast. Those things also reinforce the signs of that value and make us increasingly confident in that. Okay, so to the second part of your question, we operate around the world, roughly 190 countries globally. These countries vary a lot. They vary by our penetration level there. They vary by market maturity, which means the presence of necessary or enabling market conditions. Think smart TVs, think good connectivity, payments methods, all the things that enable customers, consumers to sign up for our service and have a good experience. These countries vary also by whether we currently have an ads product.

We're seeking to expand the number of countries there, but that's an important part of the mix. As such, the drivers of business growth really have different weights across all those different countries and country types. You can take our most mature markets, you think the U.S., U.K., Australia. We're more deeply penetrated, so our revenue growth drivers in those markets are going to skew towards ARM and advertising growth. Then in newer markets, think India, Indonesia, Colombia, we've got plenty of room to grow members. So we're going to continue to offer plans with accessible entry points. We expect member growth to be the most significant driver of overall revenue growth in those kinds of countries.

We got a lot of markets that are in the middle, where we believe we can get a balanced combination of both member and ARM growth. That includes ads countries like Mexico and Japan. We have a lot more folks that we can sign up in those countries, and we can also deliver a lot more value into the offering in those countries, which drives ARM and ads monetization, as well as countries without ads, like Philippines and Turkey, where both member growth and ARM growth opportunities we believe exist there as well.

Thanks, Greg. I want to thank everybody for joining us for our third quarter earnings call, and we look forward to speaking with you next quarter in January. Thanks.

Thanks.